Isaac Stern

Isaac Stern (July 21, 1920 – September 22, 2001) was an American violinist. Born in Poland, Stern moved to the United States when he was 14 months old. Stern performed both nationally and internationally, notably touring the Soviet Union and China, and performing extensively in Israel, a country to which he had close ties since shortly after its founding. Stern received extensive recognition for his work, including winning the Presidential Medal of Freedom and six Grammy Awards, and being named to the French Legion of Honour. The Isaac Stern Auditorium at Carnegie Hall bears his name, due to his role in saving the venue from demolition in the 1960s.

== Biography ==

Isaac Stern was born in Kremenets, Poland (now Ukraine), to a Jewish family. He was the son of Solomon and Clara Stern. When he was 14 months old, his family moved to San Francisco in 1921. Both his parents were musical and his mother, who had studied at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, began teaching him the piano when he was six years old. She later switched his lessons to the violin when he turned eight. In 1928, Stern’s parents enrolled him at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where he studied until 1931. He then briefly studied in New York City with Louis Persinger before returning to the San Francisco Conservatory. There, he studied for five years with Naoum Blinder, the concertmaster of the San Francisco Symphony, whom he credited as his most significant mentor. At his public début on February 18, 1936, aged 15, he played Saint-Saëns' Violin Concerto No. 3 in B minor with the San Francisco Symphony under the direction of Pierre Monteux. Reflecting on his background, Stern once memorably quipped that cultural exchanges between the U.S. and Soviet Russia drew from the same city:

"They send us their Jews from Odessa, and we send them our Jews from Odessa." During World War II, Stern was rejected from military service due to flat feet. He then joined the United Service Organizations and performed for US troops. During one such performance on Guadalcanal, a Japanese soldier, mesmerized by his playing, sneaked into the audience of US personnel listening to his performance before sneaking back out. Stern toured the Soviet Union in 1951, the first American violinist to do so. In 1967, Stern stated his refusal to return to the USSR until the Soviet regime allowed artists to enter and leave the country freely. His only visit to Germany was in 1999, for a series of master classes, but he never performed publicly in Germany. Stern was married three times. His first marriage, in 1948 to ballerina Nora Kaye, ended in divorce after 18 months, but the two of them remained friends. On August 17, 1951, he married Vera Lindenblit (1927–2015). They had three children together, including conductors Michael and David Stern and also Rabbi Shira Stern, one of the first female rabbis in the USA. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1994 after 43 years. In 1996, Stern married his third wife, Linda Reynolds. His third wife, his three children, and his five grandchildren survived him. Stern died September 22, 2001, of heart failure in a Manhattan, New York, hospital after an extended stay.

== Music career == In 1940, Stern began performing with Russian-born pianist Alexander Zakin, collaborating until 1977. Within musical circles, Stern became renowned both for his recordings and for championing certain younger players. Among his discoveries were cellists Yo-Yo Ma and Jian Wang, and violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman. In the 1960s, he played a major role in saving New York City's Carnegie Hall from demolition, by organizing the Citizens' Committee to Save Carnegie Hall. Following the purchase of Carnegie Hall by New York City, the Carnegie Hall Corporation was formed, and Stern was chosen as its first president, a title he held until his death. Carnegie Hall later named its main auditorium in his honor. Among Stern's many recordings are concertos by Brahms, Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi and modern works by Barber, Bartók, Stravinsky, Bernstein, Rochberg, Berg, Penderecki, and Dutilleux. The Dutilleux concerto, entitled L'arbre des songes ["The Tree of Dreams"] was a 1985 commission by Stern himself. He also dubbed actors' violin-playing in several films, such as the 1971 film adaptation of Fiddler on the Roof. Stern served as musical advisor for the 1946 film Humoresque, about a rising violin star and his patron, played respectively by John Garfield and Joan Crawford. He was also the featured violin soloist on the soundtrack for the film adaptation of Fiddler on the Roof. In 1999, he appeared in the film Music of the Heart, along with Itzhak Perlman and several other famed violinists, with a youth orchestra led by Meryl Streep (the film was based on the true story of Roberta Guaspari, a gifted violin teacher in Harlem who eventually took her musicians to play a concert in Carnegie Hall).

In his autobiography, co-authored with Chaim Potok, My First 79 Years, Stern cited Nathan Milstein and Arthur Grumiaux as major influences on his style of playing. He won Grammys for his work with Eugene Istomin and Leonard Rose in their famous chamber music trio in the 1960s and '70s, while also continuing his duo work with Alexander Zakin during this time. Stern recorded a series of piano quartets in the 1980s and 1990s with Emanuel Ax, Jaime Laredo and Yo-Yo Ma, including those of Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann and Fauré, winning another Grammy in 1992 for the Brahms quartets Opp. 25 and 26. In 1979, seven years after Richard Nixon made the first official visit by a US president to the country, the People's Republic of China offered Stern and pianist David Golub an unprecedented invitation to tour the country. While there, he collaborated with the China Central Symphony Society (now China National Symphony) under the direction of conductor Li Delun. Their visit was filmed and resulted in the Oscar-winning documentary, From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China.

== Ties to Israel == Stern maintained close ties with Israel. Stern began performing in the country in 1949. In 1973, he performed for wounded Israeli soldiers during the Yom Kippur War. During the 1991 Gulf War and Iraq's Scud missile attacks on Israel, he had been playing in the Jerusalem Theater. During his performance, an air raid siren sounded, causing the audience to panic. Stern then stepped onto the stage and began playing a movement of Bach. The audience then calmed down, donned gas masks, and sat throughout the rest of his performance. Stern was a supporter of several educational projects in Israel, among them the America-Israel Foundation and the Jerusalem Music Center.

== Instruments ==

Stern's favorite instrument was the Ysaÿe Guarnerius, one of the violins produced by the Cremonese luthier Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù. It had previously been played by the violin virtuoso and composer Eugène Ysaÿe. Among other instruments, Stern played the "Kruse-Vormbaum" Stradivarius (1728), the "ex-Stern" Bergonzi (1733), the "Panette" Guarneri del Gesù (1737), a Michele Angelo Bergonzi (1739–1757), the "Arma Senkrah" Guadagnini (1750), a Giovanni Guadagnini (1754), a J. B. Vuillaume copy of the "Panette" Guarneri del Gesu of 1737 (c.1850), and the "ex-Nicolas I" J.B. Vuillaume (1840). He also owned two contemporary instruments by Samuel Zygmuntowicz and modern Italian Jago Peternella Violins. In May 2003, Stern's collection of instruments, bows and musical ephemera was sold through Tarisio Auctions. The auction set a number of world records and was at the time the second highest grossing violin auction of all time, with total sales of over $3.3M.

== Awards and commemoration ==

Sonning Award (1982; Denmark) Wolf Prize Kennedy Center Honors (1984) Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) (1962, 1963, 1965, 1982) Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance (1971, 1992) National Medal of Arts (1991) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1992) Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1995) Polar Music Prize (2000; Sweden) Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (1990) Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society (1991) Carnegie Hall Midtown Manhattan, New York: main auditorium was named for Isaac Stern in 1997. In 2012, a street in Tel Aviv was named for Stern.

== Discography ==

1944 Brahms: String Sextet No. 1 (with Alexander Schneider, Milton Katims, Milton Thomas, Pablo Casals and Madeleine Foley) 1944 Brahms: Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello No. 1 in B Major, op. 8 (with Myra Hess and Pablo Casals) 1946 Violin selections from the movie Humoresque (1946 film) with Oscar Levant on the piano, Columbia Masterworks Records set MM-657 1951 Brahms: Violin Concerto in D Major (with Sir Thomas Beecham and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra), Columbia Records 1952 Bach: Partita in E Minor & G Minor for Violin and Piano, Sonata No.3 in E Major for Violin and Piano (with Alexander Zakin) 1953 Prokofiev: Violin Sonatas (with Alexander Zakin) 1955 Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole, Bruch G Minor Concerto, (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy) 1957 Wieniawski: Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor, op. 22 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy) 1958 Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major op. 35 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy) Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto in e minor op. 64 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy) 1959 Saint-Saens: Introduction & Rondo Capriccioso op. 28 (with Philadelphia Orchestra; conductor: Eugene Ormandy) Beethoven Violin Concerto in D, Op. 61 (with New York Philharmonic; conductor: Leonard Bernstein) Fontana 699 049 CL CFL 1051. 1964 Hindemith: Violin Concerto (1939) (with New York Philharmonic; conductor: Leonard Bernstein) 1978 Penderecki: Violin Concerto No. 1 (1976)(with Minnesota Orchestra; conductor: Stanislaw Skrowaczewski) 1983 Bach, Vivaldi: Concertos for 2 Violins Isaac Stern: 60th Anniversary Celebration Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto; Beethoven: Romances in G & F Major Haydn: London Trios 1984 Barber Violin Concerto 1985 An Isaac Stern Vivaldi Gala 1986 Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn: Violin Concertos 1987 Dutilleux: L'Arbre des Songes (Concerto pour Violin et Orchestre) Maxwell Davies: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra Celebration Bach: Double Concerto; Violin Concertos Nos.1 & 2 Beethoven: Violin Concerto Mozart: The Flute Quartets Bach: Concertos for Violin, BWV 1041–43 & 1060 1988 Shostakovich: Piano Trio No.2; Cello Sonata Brahms: Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra in A Minor, Op. 102 & Piano Quartet No. 3 in C Minor, Op. 60 Prokofiev: Violin Concertos No. 1 & 2 Brahms: Violin Concerto 1989 The Japanese Album Music, My Love Prokofiev: Concertos No. 1 & 2 for Violin and Orchestra Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos.4 & 5 1990 Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert: Trios Brahms: The Piano Quartets Rameau: Pieces de clavecin en concerts Lalo, Bruch, Wenianski, others: Violin Concertos Bach, Mozart, Brahms, others: Violin Concertos Mozart, Telemann, J.C. Bach, Reicha: Trios, Quartets Schubert: Violin Sonatas Humoresque: Favorite Violin Encores 1991 Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.5 "Emperor"; Triple Concerto Beethoven: Complete Trios Concert of the Century: Celebrating the 85th Anniversary of Carnegie Hall Dvorák: Cello Concerto; Violin Concerto Webern: Complete Works, Op. 1 – Op. 31 1992 Brahms: Sextets; more Beethoven & Schumann Piano Quartets (with Emanuel Ax, Jaime Loredo, & Yo-Yo Ma) 1993 Tchaikovsky: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra & Serenade for Strings Fauré: Piano Quartets 1994 Greatest Hits: Violin The House of Magical Sounds Greatest Hits: Schubert Greatest Hits: Brahms Beethoven, Schumann: Piano Quartets Mozart: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, K. 454, 296 & 526 Beethoven: Piano Trios "Ghost" & "Archduke" Bach: Violin Concerto, BWV 1041; Piano Concerto, BWV 1056; Brandenburg Concerto No.5; more Mozart: Sinfonia Concertante; Violin Concerto No.5 Brahms: Sextet in B-flat major, Op. 18 & Piano Trio No. 1 in B major, Op. 8 Schubert: Quintet in C major, D956 & Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major, D485 1995 Isaac Stern Presents Encores with Orchestra Telemann, Bach Family: Trio Sonatas Mendelssohn: Piano Trios 1 & 2 Brahms: Piano Trios, Piano Quartets A Life in Music, Vol.3: Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, more Beethoven: Piano Trios "Ghost" & "Archduke"; Variations Schubert, Haydn: Piano Trios; Mozart: Piano Quartet Bartók: Violin Concertos Bernstein/Dutilleux: Violin Concertos Berg: Violin Concerto; Kammerkonzert Prokofiev/Bartók: Violin Concertos; Rhapsody No.1 Stravinsky/Rochberg: Violin Concertos Barber/Maxwell Davies: Violin Concertos Hindemith/Penderecki: Violin Concertos Berg: Piano Sonata; Krenek: Piano Sonata No.3; Webern: Piano Variations; Debussy, Ravel: works A Life in Music, Vol.1: Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Sibelius, more Mozart: Haffner Serenade Mozart: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, Vol. II Beethoven, Brahms: Violin Concertos Tchaikovsky/Sibelius: Violin Concertos Bach: Violin Concertos; Double Concerto; more Vivaldi: The Four Seasons; Concertos Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos.1–5; Sinfonia concertante; more Wieniawski/Bruch/Tchaikovsky: Violin Concertos Mendelssohn/Dvorák: Violin Concertos Saint-Saëns: Violin concerto n°3, Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole, Chausson: Poème, Fauré: Berceuse, Ravel: Tzigane 1996 More Mozart's Greatest Hits Mozart: Violin Sonatas, Vol. III Schubert and Boccherini String Quintets A Life in Music, Vol.4: Bach, Bartók, Beethoven, Copland, Schubert, more Prokofiev: Violin Sonatas Bartók: Violin Sonatas; Webern: Four Pieces for Violin and Piano Beethoven: Violin Sonatas J.S. & C.P.E. Bach, Handel, Tartini: Violin Sonatas Hindemith/Bloch/Copland: Violin Sonatas Schubert: Sonatinas Nos.1–3; Rondeau Brillant; Grand Duo Sonata Franck/Debussy/Enesco: Violin Sonatas Brahms: Violin Sonatas No. 1-3 Isaac Stern Presents Encores with Violin & Piano 1997 Barber: Adagio for Strings / Schuman – In Praise of Shahn etc. Bartók Sonatas for Violin and Piano Mozart: The Piano Quartets 1998 Isaac Stern Plays Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D Bernstein: The Age of Anxiety; Foss: Serenade Bach, Vivaldi: Concertos Caprice Viennois: Music of Kreisler 1999 My First 79 Years Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn: Violin Concertos 2000 Dvorák: Piano Quartet No.2, Sonatina in G, Romantic Pieces Vivaldi: The Four Seasons; Concertos for Two Violins

== References ==

== Further reading == Stern, Isaac; Chaim Potok (1999). My First 79 Years. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-45130-7.

== External links ==

Media related to Isaac Stern at Wikimedia Commons Isaac Stern at AllMusic Isaac Stern at IMDb Free recordings at International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Isaac Stern biography at Sony Classical Interview with Isaac Stern, 27 May 1991 Appearances on C-SPAN From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China at IMDb